Bài 11 - Nhu cầu hàng ngày, thực phẩm và hoa quả

Written by Administrator on 14 December 2011.

Giới thiệu về các lượng từ trong tiếng Trung. Cách hỏi số lượng đồ vật dùng hàng ngày.

Từ vựng: Cái này, cái kia, Cái gì đây? this, that, What's this? Đây có phải cuốn từ điển của bạn không?

Conversation 1 : What's this?

-	Zhè 这 shì 是 shénme ? 什么？

-	Zhè 这 shì 是 shū. 书。 Nà 那 shì 是 shénme 什么 dōngxi? 东西？

-	Nà 那 shì 是 shuǐguǒ. 水果。

这	zhè	(pro)	this
那	nà	(pro)	that
书	shū	(n)	book
东西	dōngxi	(n)	thing
水果	shuǐguǒ	(n)	fruit

Translation

- What is this?

- This is a book. And what is that thing? ( That is what thing? )

- That is a fruit.

Conversation 2 : What fruit is that?

-	Nà 那 shì 是 shénme 什么 shuǐguǒ ? 水果？

-	Nà 那 shì 是 píngguǒ. 苹果。

-	Zhè 这 shì 是 jǐ 几 zhī 支 gāngbǐ ? 钢笔？

-	Zhè 这 shì 是 sān 三 zhī 支 gāngbǐ. 钢笔。

苹果	píngguǒ	(n)	apple
支	zhī	(m)	(a measure word)
钢笔	gāngbǐ	(n)	pen

Translation

- What fruit is that? ( that is what fruit )

- That is an apple.

- How many pens are there?

- There are 3 pens.

Conversation 3 : Do you have a dictionary?

-	Nǐ 你 yǒu 有 méi 没 yǒu 有 cídiǎn ? 词典？

-	Wǒ 我 yǒu 有 cídiǎn. 词典。

-	Nǐ 你 yǒu 有 jǐ 几 běn 本 cídiǎn ? 词典？

-	Wǒ 我 yǒu 有 sān 3 běn 本 cídiǎn. 词典。

词典	cídiǎn	(n)	dictionary
本	běn	(m)	(a measure word)

Translation

- Do you have a dictionary? ( You have don't have a dictionary )

- I have a dictionary.

- How many dictionary do you have?

- I have 3 dictionary.

Conversation 4 : Is this your dictionary?

-	Zhè 这 běn 本 cídiǎn 词典 shì 是 nǐ de 你的 ma ? 吗？

-	Shì de, 是的， zhè 这 běn 本 cídiǎn 词典 shì 是 wǒde. 我的。

是的

shìde

yes

Translation

- Is this your dictionary? ( This dictionary is yours? )

- Yes, this is my dictionary. ( This dictionary is mine. )

Grammar

Measure word

A numeral alone cannot function as an attribute but must be combined with a measure word inserted between the numeral and the noun it modifies.

Example:

- 一个人 one person

- 两个商店 two shops

- 一本书 one book

- 三张地图 three maps

Noun and measure words

Every noun as a rule has its own specific measure words. Of all the measure words 个 is the most often used. It can be placed before a noun denoting a person, thing or place.

Example:

个：人 ( people ) 学生 ( student ) 商店 ( shop )

本：书 ( book ) 词典 ( dictionary )

张：报纸 ( newspaper ) 地图 ( map )

条：毛巾 ( towel )

把：雨伞 ( umbrella )

Exercises : Substitution Drills

Exercise 1

-	Zhè 这 shì 是 shénme ? 什么

-	Zhè 这 shì 是 shū. 书

笔	bǐ	pen
地图	dìtú	map
本子	běnzi	notebook
报纸	bàozhǐ	newspaper
卫生纸	wèishēngzhǐ	toilet paper
餐巾纸	cānjīnzhǐ	napkin paper
毛巾	máojīn	towel
雨伞	yǔsǎn	umbrella
杯子	bēizi	cup, glass

Exercise 2

-	Nǐ 你 yǒu 有 jǐ 几 běn 本 cídiǎn ? 词典

-	Wǒ 我 yǒu 有 sān 3 běn 本 cídiǎn. 词典

Measure word		Noun

个	ge	本子	běnzi	notebook
		杯子	bēizi	cup, glass
		苹果	píngguǒ	apple

张	zhāng	报纸	bàozhǐ	newspaper
		地图	dìtú	map

本	běn	书	shū	book
		杂志	zázhì	magazine
		词典	cídiǎn	dictionary

把	bǎ	雨伞	yǔsǎn	umbrella